In 2000, efforts to coordinate international aid focused on achieving the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), eight international development goals to be achieved by 2015.

This challenge led to an effort by donor countries to focus its human and economic resources on the poorest nations, but also forced them to effectively and efficiently pursue development programs as well as their management and evaluation. Thus, the quest for good practices and successful experiences moved towards using innovative models such as bilateral and trilateral global funds management.

In Paris 2005, over one hundred ministers and heads of international agencies from around the world signed the Paris Declaration, a series of principles and actions to increase aid effectiveness. These commitments have been monitored and evaluated in the Third High Level Forum on Aid Effectiveness, held in Accra in 2008, which recognized South-South Cooperation as a key component for development cooperation and the role of middle-income countries in the new architecture of international cooperation.

Active participation for development cooperation can be seen in various global forums in addition to regional and sub-regional organizations. Chile has concentrated its efforts on seminars and workshops on South-South cooperation, the first held in Santiago, Chile in 2008 and the second in Quito in 2010.

The Fourth High Level Forum on Aid Effectiveness held in Busan in 2011, raised two important matters: how to address the most pressing problems facing international aid: climate change, aid for trade, and development financing. And second, how to address the international agenda for development cooperation, which according to the evaluation of the Paris Declaration was inconclusive.

The Forum concluded with the release of the document, "Towards a New Consensus on Aid and Development," which recognizes that while there are shared objectives such as the fight against poverty and inequality, there are more effective ways to understand complementary actions and prioritize the role of civil society, the private sector, and the ability to move beyond the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). A clear consensus regarding the definition of South-South cooperation was shared by donors, such as China, Brazil, and India, as well as middle-income donors, developed and developing nations.